North Dakota follows both federal deductions without ever having passed a law to: it starts from your federal taxable income, which the deductions have already reduced. It is also the gentlest state here. The first $49,575 of that income is taxed at nothing at all, or $82,800 filing jointly, so a single filer needs roughly $65,000 of wages before owing North Dakota anything. Above the line it is 1.95%, then 2.5%.
What it means on a real paycheck
Take a single filer earning $50,000 a year, $8,000 of it in tips. Against the same person with no tips to declare, the federal deduction is worth $960.
In North Dakota it is worth nothing extra. The state bill is identical either way, so $960 is the whole of it.
How North Dakota works out the tax
North Dakota charges nothing at all on the first $49,575, then 1.95% rising to 2.5%. It begins from your federal taxable income.